A Comparative Assessment of Shallow Well Water and Tap Water in Kyawama Compound of Solwezi District

Description

This book presents a comparative assessment of the quality of shallow well water and tap water in Kyawama Compound, Solwezi District, Zambia. The research evaluated selected physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters, including pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, hardness, nitrates, chlorides, calcium, magnesium, and total coliforms. Water samples were collected from ten shallow wells and nine tap-water kiosks at different times of the day and assessed against relevant Zambian and World Health Organization standards. The findings showed that tap water was generally of better quality and largely suitable for domestic consumption, although its mean pH was slightly acidic. In contrast, several shallow wells exhibited elevated turbidity, acidic pH, and significant microbiological contamination. The Water Quality Index further demonstrated a clear difference, with tap water ranging from excellent to good quality, while several shallow wells were classified as poor or unfit for consumption. The study highlights the potential health risks associated with contaminated shallow wells and recommends improved monitoring, sanitation, protection of sources.